The synchronization of chaotic systems

Synchronization of chaos refers to a process wherein two (or many) chaotic systems (either equivalent or nonequivalent) adjust a given property of their motion to a common behavior due to a coupling or to a forcing (periodical or noisy). We review major ideas involved in the field of synchronization of chaotic systems, and present in detail several types of synchronization features: complete synchronization, lag synchronization, generalized synchronization, phase and imperfect phase synchronization. We also discuss problems connected with characterizing synchronized states in extended pattern fort-ning systems. Finally, we point out the relevance of chaos synchronization, especially in physiology, nonlinear optics and fluid dynamics, and give a review of relevant experimental applications of these ideas and techniques. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.