Competitive dynamics of interfirm rivalry

In this study, we examined how firm-specific competitive conditions influence firms' patterns of market entry and exit, focusing on two features of firms' competitive conditions: market domain overlap, which measures the potential for competition, and multimarket contact, which measures the potential for mutual forbearance. A dynamic analysis of California commuter airlines from 1979 through 1984 showed that increases in market domain overlap raised airlines' rates of market entry and exit, but increases in multimarket contact lowered them, especially in markets clearly dominated by a single airline. Thus, paradoxically, close competitors are not the most intense rivals: airlines that meet in multiple markets are less aggressive toward each other than those that meet in one or a few markets.