TOWARD A THEORY OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND EFFECTIVENESS

This paper uses case studies and survey data to explore the relationship between organizational culture and effectiveness. The results provide evidence for the existence of four cultural traits-involvement, consistency, adaptability, and mission-and indicate that these characteristics are positively related to perceptions of performance as well as to objective measures such as return on assets and sales growth. Organizational culture is found to be measurable and to be related to important organizational outcomes.