Electricity use and economic development

A study of the relationship between electricity use and economic development in over one hundred countries, constituting over 99% of the global economy has been undertaken. Correlations between electricity consumption/capita and GDP/capita have been analysed and compared with those between total primary energy supply/capita and GDP/capita. A supporting analysis has correlated the proportion of energy used in the form electricity, the 'e/E ratio', with GDP/capita. The general conclusions of this research are that wealthy countries have a stronger correlation between electricity use and wealth creation than do poor countries and that, for the global economy as a whole, there is a stronger correlation between electricity use and wealth creation than there is between total energy use and wealth. The study also shows that, in wealthy countries, the increase in wealth over time correlates with an increase in the e/E ratio. The results imply that the energy ratio ($/toe) should be replaced by the electricity ratio ($/kWh) as a development indicator and, more precisely, by the e/E ratio (kWh/toe). (C) 2009 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.