A novel synthetic reversible inhibitor of sialidase efficiently blocks secondary but not primary influenza virus infection of MDCK cells in culture

The sodium salts of 2-difluoromethyl-phenyl-alpha-ketoside of N-acetylneuraminic acid (compound 1) and of 4-difluoromethyl-2-methoxy-phenyl-alpha-ketoside of N-acetylneuraminic acid (compound 2) were designed as potential mechanism-based inhibitors of sialidase. In vitro both of these compounds competitively inhibited the sialidases of Clostridium perfringens and of influenza virus A/HK/1/68. Inhibition was irreversible with the sialidase of Clostridium perfringens whereas it was reversible with that of A/HK/1/68. Compound 2 did not inhibit the hemagglutinin of the virus but exhibited significant anti-influenza activity when added to the medium of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells infected by influenza virus. In non-infected MDCK cells no inhibition of cellular sialidase was observed. Compound 2 did not block primary infection, but inhibited the release of progeny virus from infected cells. Even after 8 passages in its presence, no resistant strains were detected. Because of its high Ki (8 x 10(-5)M) compared to the low Ki (I x 1(-10)M) of 4 guanidino-Neu 5 Ac 2en and its reversible inhibition of viral sialidase, its development as an anti-influenza agent is no longer envisaged. Nevertheless, as a mechanism-based irreversible inhibitor of the bacterial enzyme, it could at least be useful for investigating the intrinsic role of sialidase in infections caused by this strain.