Testing for convergence clubs in income per capita: A predictive density approach

The article proposes a technique, based on the predictive density of the data, conditional on the parameters of the model, to jointly tests for groups of unknown size in a panel and to estimate the parameters of each group. The procedure is applied to the problem of identifying convergence clubs in scaled income per capita data. The steady-state distribution of European regional data clusters around four poles of attraction with different economic features. ne distribution of income per capita of OECD countries has two poles of attraction and each group clearly identifiable economic characteristics.