Developing an analytical framework for multiple-use commons

Much of the work on common-pool resources has tended to focus on 'single-use' commons, where the resource system is used for extraction of a single 'use' unit. However, as traditional commons evolve, research that explains the persistence of common-pool resources with multiple ownership, use and management structures will become increasingly relevant. This paper extends the analytical framework put forward by Oakerson (1986, 1992), for application to multiple-use common-pools, where multiple types of use are made of the resource system. Four components are introduced: (1) multiple-use analysis of physical and technical attributes; (2) multilevel analysis of decision-making arrangements; (3) social characteristics of the broad user community; and (4) analysis of contextual factors. The multiple-use framework facilitates the understanding of multiple-use commons in a chosen lime period and institutional change over time. The example of the New Forest commons in England is used to explain the operation of the framework in a field setting.