The sites of gene expression of atrial, brain, and C-type natriuretic peptides in mouse fetal development: Temporal changes in embryos and placenta

Atrial (ANP), brain (BNP), and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) belong to a family of hormones important in blood pressure and sodium homeostasis. Expression of ANP has been reported in embryo hearts, but BNP and CNP expression during development has not been described. We used in situ hybridization to identify the sites of gene expression of ANP, BNP, and CNP during development in mouse embryos at daily intervals from midgestation. Very intense expression of ANP and BNP was visible in the heart from 9.5 days gestation; levels of expression of both peptides in the ventricle exceeded those in atria throughout gestation. There was a major peak of atrial and ventricular ANP and BNP expression at 12.5 days, attaining levels similar to those in adult heart and then declining until birth. Cardiac expression of CNP was undetectable. Expression of ANP and CNP was also observed in distinct sites in the brain, and all three peptides were expressed in the spinal cord. In mouse placenta, strong CNP expression was seen in the decidua basalis around the large maternal blood vessels, and BNP message was detected at the peripheral margin of the decidual layer. This pattern of expression indicates that ANP and CNP are present during development of the mouse central nervous system and suggests that CNP and BNP participate in regulating the maternal blood supply to the developing embryo.