Reduced antinociception in mice lacking neuronal nicotinic receptor subunits

Nicotine exerts antinociceptive effects by interacting with one or more of the subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) that are present throughout the neuronal pathways that respond to pain(1-5). To identify the particular subunits involved in this process, we generated mice lacking the alpha 4 subunit of the neuronal nAChR by homologous recombination techniques and studied these together with previously generated mutant mice lacking the beta 2 nAChR subunit(6). Here we show that the homozygous alpha 4(-/-) mice no longer express high-affinity [H-3]nicotine and [H-3]epibatidine binding sites throughout the brain. In addition, both types of mutant mice display a reduced antinociceptive effect of nicotine on the hot-plate test and diminished sensitivity to nicotine in the tail-flick test. Patch-clamp recordings further reveal that raphe magnus and thalamic neurons no longer respond to nicotine. The alpha 4 nAChR subunit, possibly associated with the beta 2 nAChR subunit, is therefore crucial for nicotine-elicited antinociception.