Discrimination in Online Ad Delivery

The First Amendment of the US Constitution protects advertising, but the US Supreme Court set out a test for assessing restrictions on commercial speech, which begins by determining whether the speech is misleading. Racial discrimination results when a person or group of people is treated differently based on their racial origins, according to the Panel on Methods for Assessing Discrimination of the National Research Council. Power is a necessary precondition, for it depends on the ability to give or withhold benefits, facilities, services, and opportunities from someone who should be entitled to them and is denied on the basis of race. Institutional or structural racism, as defined in The Social Work Dictionary, is a system of procedures/patterns whose effect is to foster discriminatory outcomes or give preferences to members of one group over another.