Chen Zhu, a hematologist and Ph.D. systems biologist, became Chinese health minister in 2007 after serving as vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (2000-2007); he is a member of three national academies of science (Chinese, U.S., and French) and one of only two Chinese cabinet members who are not Communist Party members. In this interview by Tsung-Mei Cheng, Minister Chen discusses China's health care priorities, its vision behind pending reforms to provide health care for all citizens (from financing and coverage, through delivery and public/private roles), and the role of health care in broader societal objectives. The discussion also reaches into disparities, health care costs, mandates, provider payment, and more.