烟草税与烟草控制——全球经验及在中国的应用

被引:16
作者
郑榕 [1 ]
高松 [2 ]
胡德伟 [3 ]
机构
[1] 对外经济贸易大学国际经济贸易学院
[2] 中央财经大学中国公共财政与政策研究院
[3] 美国加州大学伯克利分校公共卫生学院
关键词
烟草税; 烟草控制; 价内税; 烟草专卖; 卷烟定价机制;
D O I
10.19795/j.cnki.cn11-1166/f.2013.03.005
中图分类号
F812.42 [税收]; F426.8 [];
学科分类号
020203 ; 020205 ; 0202 ;
摘要
提高烟草税与烟草价格是减少烟草消费的单项最有效措施。在我国通过提高卷烟消费税来提高卷烟价格的策略受制于消费税的价内税设计和烟草专卖体制下的卷烟定价机制。在现有的专卖体制下,提高卷烟消费税以提高卷烟零售价格的有效途径是将消费税的征收从生产环节前移到零售环节,由批发商代扣代缴。2009年的卷烟消费税调整虽然没有改变卷烟单品的价格,但改变了烟草行业的产业规划和卷烟的市场供给结构,并提高了卷烟的平均零售价格和税负水平。目前中国卷烟的价格和税负水平仍低于全球平均水平,仍有较大的提税空间。未来卷烟消费税制度的调整需要大幅提高从量税的比重,在提税的基础上将两档从价税率统一为单一税率。在现有分税制体制下,提高卷烟消费税还需要配套相应的转移支付方案,以补偿地方税收收入的损失。
引用
收藏
页码:44 / 53+62 +62
页数:11
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