迈向第三代人工智能

被引:203
作者
张钹
朱军
苏航
机构
[1] 清华大学人工智能研究院
关键词
人工智能; 符号主义; 连接主义; 双空间模型; 单空间模型; 三空间模型;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
TP18 [人工智能理论];
学科分类号
081104 ; 0812 ; 0835 ; 1405 ;
摘要
人工智能(artificial intelligence, AI)自1956年诞生以来,在60多年的发展历史中,一直存在两个相互竞争的范式,即符号主义与连接主义(或称亚符号主义).二者虽然同时起步,但符号主义到20世纪80年代之前一直主导着AI的发展,而连接主义从20世纪90年代才逐步发展起来,到21世纪初进入高潮,大有替代符号主义之势.今天看来,这两种范式只是从不同的侧面模拟人类的心智(或大脑),具有各自的片面性,依靠单个范式不可能触及人类真正的智能.需要建立新的可解释和鲁棒的AI理论与方法,发展安全、可信、可靠和可扩展的AI技术.为实现这个目标,需要将这两种范式结合起来,这是发展AI的必经之路.本文将阐述这一思想,为叙述方便,我们称符号主义为第一代AI,称连接主义为第二代AI,将要发展的AI称为第三代AI.
引用
收藏
页码:1281 / 1302
页数:22
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