Significance of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody in adult patients with Henoch-Schnlein purpura presenting mainly with gastrointestinal symptoms

AIM: To test the clinical significance of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) in evaluation of adult Henoch-Schnlein purpura (HSP) patients presenting mainly with abdominal symptoms. METHODS: Twenty-eight consecutive HSP patients who presented predominantly with abdominal symptoms were enrolled in this study. Control subjects included 27 age-and sex-matched patients with peptic ulcer disease,colon cancer,acute gastroenteritis,irritable bowel syndrome and colonic polyps. ANCA was measured by indirect immunofluorescence (ⅡF) in all patients,and follow-up ELISA was performed in patients with positive ⅡF tests. RESULTS: ANCA was detected in 9 HSP patients by ⅡF (2 were positive for c-ANCA and 7 were positive for p-ANCA). No ANCA was found in the control group. The sensitivity and specifi city of a positive ANCA test (either c-or p-ANCA) were 32.1% and 100% respectively. Only one out of the 9 patients with positive ANCA by ⅡF had positive ANCA by ELISA and the antigen was myeloperoxidase (MPO). The patients positive for ANCA had higher HSP clinical scores,and were more likely to have renal function impairment. Patients with late purpura development were also associated with more severe clinical manifestations. CONCLUSION: A positive ANCA test is associated with more severe symptoms in HSP. After inflammatory bowel disease is excluded,a positive ANCA test provides a clue to the diagnosis of HSP presenting predominantly with abdominal symptoms.