北京及周边气溶胶区域影响与大雾相关特征的研究进展

被引：40

作者：

施晓晖

徐祥德

机构：

[1] 中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室

来源：

地球物理学报 | 2012年 / 55卷 / 10期

基金：

国家自然科学基金重点项目;

关键词：

北京; 大雾; 气溶胶; 区域影响;

D O I：

暂无

中图分类号：

X513 [粒状污染物];

学科分类号：

0706 ; 070602 ;

摘要：

针对2011年12月初北京及华北持续近一周的严重大雾天气这一热点事件,从城市群大雾过程气溶胶区域影响的视角,基于"973"项目"北京及周边地区大气-水-土环境污染机理与调控原理"的研究工作,就北京及周边地区大雾天气与大气气溶胶区域影响的关系等方面进行了讨论.研究表明,北京城市大雾前低空SO2和NO2浓度存在"积聚"与"突增"现象.北京及周边地区冬季雾日数和气溶胶光学厚度则呈正相关,并具有"同位相"的年际变化趋势.研究同时发现北京及其南部周边的冬季气溶胶高值区呈南北向带状分布,其与北京周边居民户数高值区有所吻合,反映了冬季北京城市气溶胶颗粒物的远距离影响源区及大尺度输送效应.统计分析指出,冬季北京气溶胶颗粒物PM10、PM2.5主要影响成分是SO2和NOX,且有关研究也表明,电厂、采暖和工业面源是SO2的三大本地排放源,而机动车、电厂、工业为NOX的三大本地排放源,上述大气PM10、PM2.5主成分污染源亦与雾水样本化学分析结果相吻合,即冬季由于燃煤在生活能源中的比例较大,北京雾水中硫元素和碳元素的含量都较高.因此,北京冬季大雾不仅与北京城区气溶胶及其污染排放影响存在相关关系,而且与北京周边天津、河北、山东等地气溶胶及大气污染物的远距离输送和气溶胶区域影响效应有着重要的联系.因此,北京雾霾天气及相关大气污染的治理工作首先要着眼于局地污染物的减排,但同时如何做好区域大气污染的协同治理也是不容忽视的问题.

引用

页码：3230 / 3239

页数：10

共 15 条

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