国际贸易中的隐含碳排放核算及贸易调整后的国家温室气体排放

被引:47
作者
周新
机构
[1] 日本地球环境战略研究所(IGES)
基金
日本学术振兴会;
关键词
隐含碳排放; 国际贸易; “碳泄漏”; “生产者污染负担”原则; “消费者污染负担”原则; 多区域投入产出模型;
D O I
10.14120/j.cnki.cn11-5057/f.2010.06.001
中图分类号
X321 [区域环境规划与管理];
学科分类号
083305 ; 1204 ;
摘要
国家温室气体排放清单的制定中没有考虑国际贸易中附加的碳排放。根据《京都议定书》,发达国家承诺以1990年排放量为基础的5%的削减目标,发展中国家没有减排义务。通过国际贸易,发达国家实现减排的同时,可能引起发展中国家碳排放量增加,影响《京都议定书》实施的有效性。针对国际贸易所引起的"碳泄漏"问题,本文应用多区域投入产出分析,对包括中国在内的十个国家或地区的国际贸易中隐含的碳排放(embodied emissions)进行了核算。分别通过"消费者污染负担"原则,及"生产者与消费者共同负担"原则,重新试算了各国或地区的温室气体排放量。结果表明,美国为贸易中隐含碳排放的最大净进口国(464Mt-CO2),日本次之(191Mt-CO2),中国为最大净出口国(452Mt-CO2)。
引用
收藏
页码:17 / 24
页数:8
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