OBESITY IN YOUNG MEN AFTER FAMINE EXPOSURE IN UTERO AND EARLY INFANCY

In a historical cohort study of 300,000 19 yr old men exposed to the Dutch famine of 1944-45 and examined at military induction, the hypothesis that prenatal and early postnatal nutrition determines subsequent obesity was tested. Outcomes were opposite depending on the time of exposure. During the last trimester of pregnancy and the first months of life, exposure produced significantly lower obesity rates (P < 0.005). This result is consistent with the inference that nutritional deprivation affected a critical period of development for adipose-tissue cellularity. During the first half of pregnancy, exposure resulted in significantly higher obesity rates (P < 0.0005). This observation is consistent with the inference that nutritional deprivation affected the differentiation of hypothalamic centers regulating food intake and growth, and that subsequent increased food availability produced an accumulation of excess fat in an organism growing to its predetermined maximum size.