ANALYSIS OF DAILY PRECIPITATION DATA BY POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION

被引：96

作者：

JUNTTO, S

PAATERO, P

机构：

[1] Finnish Meteorological Institute, Air Quality Department, Helsinki, 00810

[2] University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, Helsinki, FIN-00170

来源：

ENVIRONMETRICS | 1994年 / 5卷 / 02期

关键词：

FACTOR ANALYSIS; PRECIPITATION; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; EMEP DATA;

D O I：

10.1002/env.3170050204

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

A new factor analysis method called positive matrix factorization (PMF) has been applied to daily precipitation data from four Finnish EMEP stations. The aim of the analysis was to investigate the structure of the data matrices in order to find the apparent source profiles from which the precipitation samples are constituted. A brief description of PMF is given. PMF utilizes the known uncertainty of data values. The standard deviations were derived from the results of double sampling at one station during one year. A goodness-of-fit function Q was calculated for factor solutions with 1-8 factors. The shape of the residuals was useful in deciding the number of factors. The strongest factor found was that of sea-salt. The most dominant ions in the factor were sodium, chloride and magnesium. At the coastal stations the ratio Cl/Na of the mean concentrations in the factor was near the ratio found in sea water but at the inland stations the ratio was smaller. For most ions more than 90 per cent of the weighted variation was explained. The worst explained was potassium (at worst c. 60 per cent) which is possibly due to contamination problems in the laboratory. In most factors of different factorizations the anions and cations were fairly well balanced.

引用

页码：127 / 144

页数：18

共 18 条

[1]

Heidam N.Z., The components of the arctic aerosol, Atmospheric Environment, 18, pp. 329-343, (1984)

[2]

Henry R.C., Hidy G.M., Multivariate analysis of particulate sulfate and other air quality variables by principal components—Part I. Annual data from Los Angeles and New York, Atmospheric Environment, 13, pp. 1581-1596, (1979)

[3]

Henry R.C., Hidy G.M., Multivariate analysis of particulate sulfate and other air quality variables by principal components—II. Salt Late City, Utah and St. Louis, Missouri, Atmospheric Environment, 16, pp. 929-943, (1982)

[4]

Hopke P.K., Gladney E.S., Gordon G.E., Zoller W.H., Jones A.G., The use of multivariate analysis to identify sources of selected elements in the Boston Urban aerosol, Atmospheric Environment, 10, pp. 1015-1025, (1976)

[5]

Rojas C.M., van Grieken R.E., Electron microprobe characterization of individual aerosol particles collected by aircraft above the southern bight of the North Sea, Atmospheric Environment, 26 A, pp. 1231-1237, (1992)

[6]

van Malderen H., Rojas C., van Grieken R., Characterization of individual giant aerosol particles above the North Sea, Environmental Science and Technology, 26, pp. 750-756, (1992)

[7]

Eder B.K., A principal component analysis of SO 42‐‐precipitation concentrations over the eastern United States, Atmospheric Environment, 23, pp. 2739-2750, (1989)

[8]

Hooper R.P., Peters N.E., Use of multivariate analysis for determining sources of solutes found in wet atmospheric deposition in the United States, Environmental Science and Technology, 23, pp. 1263-1268, (1989)

[9]

Kessler C.J., Porter T.H., Firth D., Sager T.W., Hemphill M.W., Factor analysis of trends in Texas acidic deposition, Atmospheric Environment, 26 A, pp. 1137-1146, (1992)

[10]

Laurila T., Principal component analysis of wet deposition in Finland, Physico‐chemical Behaviour of Atmospheric Pollutants, pp. 463-468, (1990)

← 1 2 →